Mumbai, July 16: Many individuals take fish oil capsules to enhance brain function and improve memory. This is largely due to the omega-3 fatty acids they contain, particularly DHA, which is deemed essential for brain health. Many hope these supplements could reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in the future. However, a new study has revealed surprising findings.
Research from the Keck Medicine of USC in the United States found that taking fish oil supplements does not significantly protect against Alzheimer’s disease. The study did show that DHA from fish oil reached the brain, but it did not lead to any substantial improvement in memory or cognitive abilities.
This research was published in the journal eBioMedicine. It involved 365 participants aged between 55 and 80, all of whom consumed very little fish and were considered at higher risk for Alzheimer’s. Approximately half of these individuals carried the APOE4 gene, which is linked to an increased risk of the disease.
The researchers divided the participants into two groups. One group received high doses of DHA supplements for two years, while the other group was given a placebo, which contained no active ingredients. During this period, the participants’ memory, cognitive abilities, and brain changes were monitored.
A significant finding from the study was that DHA from fish oil was indeed reaching the brain. After six months, the average level of DHA in the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the participants’ brains increased by 17%. However, there was no notable difference in cognitive abilities or memory.
Additionally, there was no significant difference in the hippocampus, the brain area crucial for memory, between those who took fish oil and those who did not. This indicates that even after nutrients reach the body, the expected effects may not manifest.
Scientists suggest that merely increasing one nutrient cannot prevent complex diseases like Alzheimer’s. Several factors influence brain health, including age, genetics, diet, physical activity, and lifestyle.
Researchers believe that obtaining omega-3 fatty acids through a balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet—which includes fish, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats—may be more beneficial. Simply taking capsules does not guarantee the same advantages.
While this study may seem disappointing for those seeking an easy solution, its results are significant for scientists. They help clarify what does not work and indicate future research directions.
However, it is important to note that this study focused on older adults who consumed little fish and were at higher risk for Alzheimer’s, so the results may not apply universally to all age groups and individuals.
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