The Origins of Ravan Dahan: A Tradition Rooted in Myth and History

Ranchi, October 19 (Daily Kiran) : Ravan Dahan, celebrated during Dussehra, is more than just the burning of an effigy; it symbolizes the triumph of good over evil. Each year, massive effigies of Ravana, Kumbhkarna, and Meghnath are set ablaze across the country, sending a powerful message that no matter how great the arrogance, injustice, or evil, truth and righteousness ultimately prevail. Various mythological stories surround the celebration of Dussehra in Hindu scriptures.

According to the Ramayana, in the Treta Yuga, Ravana, the king of Lanka, abducted Sita. In response, Lord Rama, with the help of an army of monkeys, launched an assault on Lanka. Many warriors, including Ravana’s brother Kumbhkarna and son Meghnath, fell in battle. Ultimately, Rama defeated Ravana and rescued Sita, marking this victory as the conquest of good over evil, which is commemorated by the burning of Ravana’s effigy.

The tradition of Ravan Dahan is relatively new, gaining popularity after India’s independence. Historical records indicate that the first Ravan Dahan took place in 1948 in Ranchi, organized by refugees from Pakistan. The first such event in Delhi occurred in 1953 at the Ramlila Maidan, and Nagpur also embraced the tradition in 1948 with a 35-foot tall effigy of Ravana. Traditionally, these effigies are constructed using bamboo, cloth, rope, and paper, with modern materials like fiberglass now being incorporated.

Mythological beliefs further enrich the festival’s significance. The demon Mahishasura, having pleased Lord Brahma through severe penance, received a boon that ensured his death could only be caused by a woman. This led to Mahishasura’s domination over the three worlds. To liberate themselves from his tyranny, the gods manifested a divine power, armed and riding a lion. After nine days of fierce battle, the goddess defeated Mahishasura on the tenth day, celebrated as Vijayadashami.

Dussehra also has a cultural dimension. Farmers rejoice in harvesting golden crops, bringing home their bounty with joy and gratitude, often dedicating their success to divine blessings through worship.

This year, Dussehra, or Vijayadashami, will be observed on October 20. However, due to the Shukla Paksha Dasami Tithi extending until the afternoon of October 21, the celebration dates may vary across different regions.