The Impact of 36-Hour Fasting During Chhath Puja: Understanding the Science and Precautions

New Delhi, November 10 (Daily Kiran) : During the Chhath festival, devotees observe a rigorous fast lasting approximately 36 hours without food or water. This challenging ritual begins after the “Kharna” ceremony and culminates with offerings to the rising sun. Participants adhere strictly to the fasting rules, which hold significant religious importance. However, from a scientific perspective, abstaining from food and water for such an extended period poses considerable challenges to the body.

When we eat, our bodies convert food into energy, storing some of it as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This glycogen acts as an energy reserve. During a fast lasting 18 to 36 hours, these glycogen stores can deplete significantly. As they do, the body begins to utilize stored fat for energy. This process produces substances called ketones, which some organs can use for energy, although glucose remains essential for certain bodily functions.

Water is crucial for various bodily functions, including maintaining blood flow, regulating temperature, and eliminating waste through the kidneys. Prolonged dehydration can lead to reduced water levels in the body, a condition known as dehydration. In response, the brain releases antidiuretic hormones that signal the kidneys to conserve water, resulting in decreased urine output and darker urine. This response indicates the body’s effort to retain water, but it does not mean that hydration levels are adequate.

A decline in water levels can also reduce blood volume, increasing the risk of low blood pressure. Individuals may experience dizziness, weakness, or sudden visual disturbances when standing. In some cases, the heart rate may increase as the body attempts to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs. Factors such as heat, sweating, and physical exertion can exacerbate these issues.

The kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood and excreting waste through urine, relying on sufficient water intake. A lack of water can diminish blood flow to the kidneys, risking damage and impaired function. Additionally, the body requires minerals like sodium and potassium for proper heart, nerve, and muscle function. An imbalance of water and these minerals can lead to muscle cramps, weakness, and irregular heartbeats.

Individuals with diabetes, particularly those taking insulin or blood sugar-lowering medications, should avoid prolonged fasting without medical supervision. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, children, and the elderly may also face risks. Those with kidney, heart, or liver conditions, as well as individuals with low blood pressure, should exercise caution during such fasting practices.

Understanding the physiological effects of fasting during Chhath Puja is essential for maintaining health and safety during this spiritually significant event.