The Origins and Significance of Chhath Puja: A Deep Dive into Tradition

New Delhi, November 10 (Daily Kiran) : Chhath Puja is not merely a ritual; it embodies a deep connection to nature, community faith, and discipline. This festival, which involves offering prayers to the setting and rising sun, has roots that stretch back to ancient times. But how did this grand tradition begin? What historical and mythological connections does it hold, particularly with epic tales like the Mahabharata?

The history of Chhath Puja cannot be confined to a single era. According to historians and ancient texts, this festival has its origins in the Vedic period. The Rigveda contains hymns praising the sun god and Usha, the goddess of dawn, also known as Chhathi Maiya.

Unlike any other festival, Chhath Puja focuses on the worship of nature itself—specifically the sun and water—rather than idols. In ancient times, sages would draw energy from the sun for weeks without consuming food or water. This practice is believed to have evolved into what we now recognize as the Chhath Vrat.

The most credible and popular accounts of Chhath’s origins trace back to the Mahabharata. Legend has it that the festival was initiated by Karna, the son of the sun god. Karna was a devout worshipper who would stand in water for hours, offering prayers to the sun. His devotion not only made him a great warrior but also a symbol of generosity, as he never turned away a seeker empty-handed. Today, devotees stand in water for hours during Chhath, reflecting Karna’s ancient tradition.

Another tale from the Mahabharata recounts how Draupadi, during the Pandavas’ exile, observed the Chhath Vrat on the advice of sage Dhaumya (or Lord Krishna in some versions). Her unwavering devotion brought relief to the Pandavas, ultimately restoring their lost kingdom.

Chhath Puja is also linked to the Ramayana, specifically during the Treta Yuga. After defeating Ravana, Lord Rama and Sita performed rituals upon their return to Ayodhya to atone for the sins incurred from killing a Brahmin. Following the guidance of sage Mudgala, Sita worshipped the sun at the banks of the Ganges in Munger, Bihar, on the sixth day of Kartik Shukla. Today, the site, known as Sita Kund, is recognized as one of the oldest locations associated with Chhath.

Beyond its mythological roots, Chhath Puja symbolizes social equality. It does not require a priest; people from all walks of life gather at the same ghats to offer their prayers. Traditional items like bamboo baskets, clay stoves, and sweets made from jaggery and flour showcase the festival’s eco-friendly nature and support for local resources.

Often referred to as the “Mahaparv,” or great festival, Chhath spans four days during which devotees adhere to strict rules, fasting without food or water. While most Hindu rituals focus solely on the rising sun, Chhath uniquely honors both the setting and rising sun, teaching gratitude for nature through life’s ups and downs. The festival exemplifies unity, as individuals from diverse backgrounds come together to pay homage to the sun, fostering a spirit of community and togetherness.