New Delhi, May 21: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, born in 1772, is regarded as the father of modern India. His struggle against religious superstitions, social evils, and conservative traditions continues to inspire Indian society today. He emerged as a true leader in the fields of religious reform and social development.
Roy was born on May 22, 1772, in the Brahmin family of Radhanagar village in Bengal. From a young age, he studied languages including Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Hindi, and later English, Latin, and Greek. After exploring various religions, he developed a belief in one God. He reinterpreted Hinduism, opposing idol worship and superstitions.
His most significant contribution was his campaign against the practice of Sati, where widows were forced to self-immolate on their husbands’ funeral pyres. Roy fought against this inhumane tradition through interviews, writings, and petitions. His relentless efforts led to Lord William Bentinck imposing a complete ban on Sati in 1829, marking a historic step towards the upliftment of Indian women.
In the religious domain, his most notable work was the establishment of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828. He aimed to purify Hinduism, promoting worship of one God without idols and rituals. He believed that the fundamental truth of all religions is the same. Roy studied Islam, Christianity, and Hindu philosophy deeply, striving to establish harmony among them.
He was also a strong advocate for social reforms. Roy vehemently opposed child marriage, polygamy, and the practice of slavery. He continuously raised his voice for women’s right to education, legitimizing widow remarriage, and ensuring their share in property. He championed modern education and promoted English learning. In 1817, he played a crucial role in the establishment of Hindu College, which later became Presidency College.
Roy was also a pioneer of press freedom. He spread public awareness through newspapers, launching publications like ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ and ‘Mirat-ul-Akhbar’. He supported India’s independence from British rule but believed that political freedom was futile without education and reforms. In 1830, he traveled to England, where he represented Indian interests. He passed away on September 27, 1833, in Bristol.
Today, when we discuss equality, women’s empowerment, and secularism, Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s name stands out. He was not just a reformer but also a thinker, philosopher, and revolutionary who guided India from the dark ages to the modern era.
His ideology remains relevant as challenges like communal harmony, respect for women, and scientific thinking persist. Raja Ram Mohan Roy demonstrated that one individual can change society, provided they possess courage, knowledge, and determination.
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