Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot properly produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels are too high, it can cause a range of complications, such as heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease, and blindness.
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and it requires lifelong insulin therapy. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively. This type of diabetes is more common in adults, and it often occurs in people who are overweight or have a family history of the disease.
Diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease, and blindness. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to these and other complications.
Risk factors for diabetes include being overweight, having a family history of the disease, and being over the age of 45. Other risk factors include having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a sedentary lifestyle.
The symptoms of diabetes can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision. Some people with diabetes may also experience tingling or numbness in their hands and feet, as well as slow-healing wounds or infections.
Diabetes can be managed through a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and medication. A healthy diet for diabetes includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity can help improve blood sugar control and prevent complications. Medications for diabetes include insulin, oral medications, and other injectable medications.
A healthy diet for diabetes includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. These foods provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber, and they can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve overall health. It is important to choose foods that are low in fat, calories, and added sugars, and to avoid processed and packaged foods.
Regular physical activity can help improve blood sugar control and prevent complications. It can also help with weight management and overall health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week. Some examples of moderate-intensity aerobic activities include walking, biking, and swimming, while examples of vigorous-intensity activities include running, jumping rope, and HIIT workouts.
Medications for diabetes include insulin, oral medications, and other injectable medications. The type of medication and the dosage will depend on the individual’s specific needs and goals. Insulin is a hormone that is used to regulate blood sugar levels in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Oral medications, such as metformin, can help control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Other injectable medications, such as GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors, can also help improve blood sugar control.
It is important for people with diabetes to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels and work with a healthcare provider to manage their condition. This can help prevent complications and maintain good overall health. Some people with diabetes may need to check their blood sugar levels several times a day, while others may only need to check them once a week. A healthcare provider can help determine the appropriate frequency of blood sugar monitoring and provide guidance on managing the condition
